Th
is is Wikipedia's US National Debt chart.
The top graph shows the debt in adjusted dollars, while the bottom one descibes the debt as a percentage of GDP. The black line shows what we would owe if the government were ever going to pay back debts it "owes to itself," like the Social Security lockbox.
That's a nice accounting trick if you want to pretend that people have individual accounts with actual money in them down at the Social Security office, but in the end it's not real debt and nobody expects the government to ever repay it. The red line is the real national debt.
The top graph already corrects for the fact that a current dollar is worth a lot less than, say, a 1950 dollar. On this 2007 chart, past dates were all inflation-adjusted. Even after measuring everything in the same dollars, the top chart shows that the debt is indeed larger.
But knowing the absolute size of the debt only tells us part of the story. If there are twice as many Americans, for example, then the burden of a given level of debt is halved. And everytime productivity doubles, a given debt could be paid off in half the time as well.
The only meaningful measurement of the national debt is the lower graph, where debt is measured as a percentage of GDP. Only this graph tells us how much productivity goes to servicing the interest on the debt, or how much Americans have to sacrifice to carry the debt or pay it off.
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